The variablemoisture environment during the rainy season can have a severe impact on grain and. Combining ability of introduced sorghum parental lines for. We will develop an irrigation management that optimizes the seasonal distribution of limited water to maximize grain yields of preflowering drought tolerant sorghum lines. In subsaharan africa, drought at both seedling establishment and grain. Sorghum study will research plant roots for drought and heat. Pdf physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance in. Application of silicon enhanced drought tolerance in. Physiological mechanisms of drought tolerance in sorghum, genetic basis and breeding methods. Project methods our newly developed high throughput screening tools will provide, for the first time, a quantitative measure of the levels of pre and postflowering drought tolerance in germplasm collections, mutant populations, and hybrid combinations. Use of droughttolerant crops as a strategy for efficient. Scenes of starvation have drawn the worlds attention to africas agricultural and. The plant has inherent drought tolerance and can thrive in growing conditions that would seem too harsh for other crops. Good crop rotation and herbicide selection are essential components of managing weeds in grain sorghum. Comparison of crop water consumptive use of sorghum.
Young sorghum seedlings grown under controlled conditions were subjected to drought stress, induced by polyethylene. Both crops have the ability to withstand periods of water deficit and to yield an economic return to the farmer. Upadhyaya, h d and dwivedi, s l and vetriventhan, m and krishnamurthy, l and singh, s k 2017 postflowering drought tolerance using managed stress trials, adjustment to flowering, and mini core collection in sorghum. New parental lines having genes for various biotic and abiotic stress tolerances have the potential to mitigate this negative effect. Establishment sorghum can be established in conventional, reduced. Transcriptomic analysis of sorghum bicolor responding to. Sorghum usually grows poorly on sandy soils, except where a heavy textured subsoil is present.
Dec 27, 2012 sorghum is poised to come into its own as an alternative to corn. Forage sorghum forage sorghum can be grown either as grain or forage crop. It triggers a wide range of responses detectable at molecular, biochemical and physiological levels. It is proposed to evaluate sorghum reference germplasm set 360 of the 384 reference set accessions, selected based on the genotyping information of composite collection 41 ssr loci data on 3372 accessions, for postflowering drought tolerance.
This article is brought to you for free and open access by the agronomy at iowa state. Sorghum sorghum bicolor is the fifth most important cereal grown worldwide in terms of production. To investigate the changes in gene expression which occur in sorghum subjected to heat and drought stresses either on their own, or in combination, we carried out transcriptomic analyses using dna microarrays agilent technologies ltd containing 28585 unique gene probes. The addition of a dicamba product or 2,4d with glyphosate generally will control broadleaf and grass weeds effectively provided an earlier burndown treatment has been applied in march or april. The genetic basis of drought tolerance is ascribed to. Non technical summary sorghums importance as a drought tolerant source of food, feed, and biofuels is increasing due to a world wide shortage of water resources and increasing nonagricultural demand for water the genetic basis of improved crop yield in waterlimited environments is complex and determined by many traits. Sorghum sorghum bicolor is one of the most important cereal crops grown in arid and semiarid parts of the world, evolved in semiarid tropical africa where it is still used as a major food grain. By karla hernandez, extension forages field specialist northeastern and western south dakota are lacking needed moisture going into the growing season. Sorghum study will research plant roots for drought and. Majority of the farmers do not know the proper agronomic practices for sorghum. Sorghum is mainly cultivated in drier areas, especially on shallow and heavy clay soils. Recent advances in breeding for drought tolerance in maize.
An integrated view from breeding to genomics author links open overlay panel luigi cattivelli a b fulvia rizza a franzw. Please see the attached data files for more detailed information. Silicon application ameliorated the decrease in dry weight under drought stress conditions, but had no effect on dry matter production under wet conditions. Moench grain yield is severely affected by abiotic and biotic stresses during postflowering stages, which has been aggravated by climate change. First, we tested the efficacies of three desiccants ki, naclo3 and kclo3. This study was set up to determine the response of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Postflowering drought tolerance using managed stress trials. Sorghum will grow in low fertility,moderately acidic and highly alkaline soils, but it is best adapted to fertile, well drained soils at a ph between 6. Strategies to improve postflowering drought tolerance in rabi. Corn and sorghum management strategies for drought 2011. Moench is the fourth most important cereal crop grown throughout the semiarid regions of the world. In a wheatsorghumfallow rotation, it is essential that broadleaf and grassy weeds do not produce seed during. Srinivasa rao, p munirathnam, vishwanath, santosh deshpande, francisco zavala, nemera shargie, vincent vadez, serge braconnier and stefania grando email. Grain sorghum tolerates and avoids drought more than many other.
Augmenting drought tolerance in sorghum by silicon. Screening sorghum genotypes for salinity tolerant biomass. Sorghum can better tolerate short periods of water logging compared with maize. It is still one of the most important grain crops grown for human consumption and animal feeding throughout the world. Pdf selection for drought tolerance in sorghum using. Ijms free fulltext transcriptome analysis of droughtresistant. Progress in achieving and delivering drought tolerance in. More than 180 distinct drought tolerant dt maize varieties have. Moench is regarded as a droughttolerant species, it provides an ideal model to study the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying such tolerance. Sorghum grain is gluten free and is a good substitute for.
Moisture stress and aluminium toxicity in sorghum production can be overcome by breeding for tolerance. The objectives are to 1 identify qtl and genes controlling sorghum flowering time, 2 identify qtl and genes for postflowering drought tolerance related to stay green, and 3 identify qtl and genes for root traits related to. The free state and mpumalanga provinces are the largest contributors. Drought stress is a major constraint to sorghum production in kenya, especially during flowering stage. Weed control strategies in grain sorghum notill farmer. Agrar agronomy in the faculty of natural and agricultural sciences university of pretoria supervisor. There is very little understanding of the drought tolerance ability of sorghum. Improvement of sweet sorghum for drought tolerance p. Numerous traits contribute to drought tolerance in both sorghum and cotton. Drought adaptation of staygreen sorghum is associated. We concluded by presenting possible management options to reduce the effects of water stress in dryland conditions and suggesting possible areas of research. Show full abstract postanthesis drought effects in sorghum as aid in selection for lateseason drought tolerance. Due to these conditions we need to start looking at potential alternatives for forage production. Sep 28, 2015 the epigenetic control of drought response in sorghum, or epicon, focuses on understanding how sorghum, a grass related to corn, thrives on limited resources, including water.
Evaluation of grain yield in sorghum hybrids under water stress. Drought tolerance an overview sciencedirect topics. A break from winter cereals can provide for the longterm insect, weed and disease management benefits and shortterm potential profits. It is a staple food crop in africa and asia, while it is an. The epigenetic control of drought response in sorghum, or epicon, focuses on understanding how sorghum, a grass related to corn, thrives on limited resources, including water. Moench genotypes for drought tolerance by thifhindulwi jeremiah malala submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree m. The free state and mpumalanga provinces are the largest contributors to the area planted to sorghum and sorghum production. Pdf on mar 20, 2020, k rajarajan and others published selection of sorghum sorghum bicolor l.
Sorghum acres to grow due to drought tolerance, new varieties. Morphological and physiological responses of sorghum. The production of sorghum in south africa varies from 100 000 ton 00 ha to 180 000 ton 150 000 ha per annum. Identification of quantitative trait loci associated with preflowering drought tolerance in sorghum.
In addition to its drought tolerance, sorghum can also withstand wet extremes better than many other cereal crops, especially maize. Phenotyping sorghum reference set for drought tolerance. An experiment was setup in a greenhouse to evaluate the morphological and physiological responses of sorghum to different drought patterns. Drought tolerant sorghum and cotton germplasm sciencedirect. Schroetter julius kuhninstitute jki, institute for crop and soil science, braunschweig, germany. Young sorghum seedlings grown under controlled conditions were. For this reason, exploring the subtle differences in gene expression of. Pdf the impact of drought on sorghum production, and. With more research and outreach, sorghum could be an extremely valuable crop for helping to feed the world in the future as we deal with limited inputs and water. We explored a possible association between free proline amino acid accumulation in water. The crop was sown under irrigated and unirrigated condition to examine the potential of sorghum genotypes to adapt to the. In sorghum, the best characterized form of drought tolerance during this stage of crop growth is the so called nonsenescence or staygreen trait. Grain sorghum, irrigation regimes, nitrogen fertilizer, yield components. Abiotic stresses present a major challenge in our quest for sustainable food production as these may reduce the potential yields by 70% in crop plants.
G1976 skiprow planting of grain sorghum for improved. By understanding how epigenetics helps crops such as sorghum with drought tolerance, farmers could better predict how cereal crops will be impacted by climate change. Sorghum is more tolerant of alkaline salts than other grain crops and can therefore be successfully cultivated on soils with a ph kcl between 5. Sorghum, therefore, is an important crop for the food security in the semiarid zones of western. Sorghum inbred p1 with stay green drought tolerance was crossed with p2, a standard aluminium tolerant. Drought adaptation of staygreen sorghum is associated with.
At the molecular level the response to drought stress results in the differential expression of several metabolic pathways. Morphological and physiological responses of sorghum sorghum. Milo, forage sorghum potential alternatives in a drought no. Moench is regarded as a drought tolerant species, it provides an ideal model to study the molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying such tolerance. Phenotyping sorghum reference set for drought tolerance oar. Genotypes with improved vegetative and reproductive heat tolerance will be identified, and the genetics underlying the tolerance will be determined. In the first year, the reference set will be characterised for. Novel germplasm and screening methods for early cold tolerance. Twoweek old seedlings of icsv 111 in were transplanted into 9 l pots filled with loamy sand 11. Drought stress tolerance strategies revealed by rnaseq in. In southeastern nebraska, grain sorghum typically is produced on the relatively more drought prone land.
The advantage of its use over corn is that it requires less water. Sorghum doesnt have gluten, so you cant use it for nice leavened breads, but you can use sorghum to make nice biscuits, flat breads, quick breads, cakes, cookies, brownies and pancakes, he says. Droughtresistant sorghum is americas new supergrain. Moench were investigated for two cultivars differing in drought susceptibility. In sweet sorghum development, new hybrids have solved the problem with sweet sorghum having low seed set on difficulttoharvest tall stalks.
Sorghum is a highly droughttolerant crop and has been increasingly used as a model cereal to identify genes that. Apr 12, 2016 sorghum should always be planted into a weed free seedbed. Droughtresistant sorghum is americas new supergrain kcet. Grain sorghum water requirement and responses to drought. Paper presented at the 1995 annual meeting, american association for advancement of science, 19 february 1995, atlanta, ga, usa. Like other millets, sorghum is genetically suited to hot and dry ecologies, where it is difficult to grow most of the other food grain crops. Research results from nebraska and kansas indicate that grain sorghum has a yield advantage relative to corn for. Evaluation and selection of 20 sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Postflowering drought tolerance using managed stress. Sorghum continues to grow, although not well, in flooded conditions. Miscellaneous comparison of drought tolerance of maize. Evaluation of grain yield in sorghum hybrids under water. By curtis thompson, extension weed management specialist severe grass and broadleaf weed pressure will reduce grain sorghum yields and can make harvest very difficult. Strategies to improve postflowering drought tolerance in.
Drought is one of the most important yields reducing abiotic constraint worldwide. Even with increasing heat stress events and reduced summer rainfall predicted under the climate modelling, the impact on sorghum yields to 2050. Metabolite profiling reveals the effect of drought on. Two of the roots projects will work specifically with sorghum, and the other projects may indirectly impact the crop. Milo, forage sorghum potential alternatives in a drought. Drought tolerance is a complex phenomenon involving mechanisms such as early maturity, avoidance, tolerance, and desiccation tolerance blum, 1988. Pdf the impact of drought on sorghum production, and farmer. Production practice information for researchdemonstration. It proved its mettle in the 2012 drought, producing decent dryland yields with very little rainfall, and epas pathway approval for sorghum ethanol should open new markets. Edmeades, progress in achieving and delivering drought tolerance in maize an update, supported by key references, was originally. This has caused reluctance among farmers to grow the crop. This study aimed at developing drought tolerant sorghum varieties by transferring the stay green trait that confers drought tolerance in sorghum from a mapped and characterized donor source into an adapted farmer preferred variety. Miscellaneous comparison of drought tolerance of maize, sweet.
While increased cold tolerance will move the crop north, it could also facilitate double cropping in the south, removing some of the concerns with winter frost tolerance. Achievement subproject on drought tolerance in sorghum. Crop management abstract crop management research grain. Two sorghums that are bird resistant and free of tannin were identified in 1989. A range of morphological and physiological traits have been linked to drought tolerance in plants, which. In southeastern nebraska, grain sorghum typically is produced on the relatively more droughtprone land. Madhusudhana, in breeding sorghum for diverse end uses, 2019. Moench is a droughtresilient crop, grown extensively in semiarid tropics of the. In eastern africa, more than 70% of sorghum is cultivated in the dry and hot. Metabolite profiling reveals the effect of drought on sorghum. Jul 01, 2016 forage sorghum forage sorghum can be grown either as grain or forage crop. Miscellaneous comparison of drought tolerance of maize, sweet sorghum and sorghumsudangrass hybrids s.
Mastrangelo b enrico francia a 1 caterina mare a alessandro tondelli a a. The effects of silicon application on the drought tolerance of sorghum sorghum bicolor l. Augmenting drought tolerance in sorghum by silicon nutrition. The effect of drought stress and different levels of nitrogen on yield and yield components of sorghum mohammadreza hadi saeed abadi, mani mojadam,tayeb saki nejad department of agronomy, college of agriculture, ahwaz aranch, islamic azad university, ahwaz, iran key words.
Transcriptomic analysis of sorghum subjected to drought, heat and combined drought and heat stress. Proceedings of the 47th annual corn and sorghum industry research conference 1992. This research was aimed at studying the yield response of sorghum mini core accessions to postflowering drought stress to identify droughttolerant sources for sorghum improvement. Moench has been consid ered relatively more salt tolerant than maize and has the potential as a grain and fodder crop for. Cereals like sorghum, millets, wheat, maize and rice are. Department of energy to examine the role of epigenetics in allowing plants to survive in drought conditions, an increasing concern for agriculture as the effects of. G1976 skiprow planting of grain sorghum for improved drought. The effect of drought stress and different levels of. Goals objectives the overall goal of this project is to identify the genetic basis of traits that contribute to drought tolerance in sorghum and other crops. Grain sorghum is known for its drought tolerance, and. Of all abiotic stresses, drought is regarded as the most damaging.
Edmeades g 0, bolafios j, lafitte h r 1992 progress in breeding for drought tolerance in maize. Moench crop in the semiarid tropics often suffers from postflowering drought stress, which causes substantial losses in grain yield and stover quality. In india, sorghum is grown during the rainy and the postrainy seasons. Among these countries, the top 10 sorghum producers are the united states, abstract sorghum sorghum bicolor l. The advantage of its use over corn is that it requires less water, and is drought tolerant by going semidormant which makes it a good fit for dryland and limited moisture situations. Choosing rotation crops fact sheet shortterm profits, longterm payback crop rotations, particularly those that include nitrogenfixing pulses, are forging a permanent place in northern region farming systems. Drought is a major stress affecting rainfed sorghum production systems. Drought stress is the major environmental stress that affects plant growth and productivity. The experiments were conducted during rabi seasons of 200708, 200809 and 200910 to screen the promising germplasm, advanced breeding lines and landraces to identify the new sources and traits associated with postflowering drought tolerance in sorghum. Evaluation of nearisogenic sorghum lines contrasting for qtl markers associated with drought tolerance. Moench genotypes for drought tolerance using physiological characterization find, read and. Sorghum is not tolerant of frost, shade, or sustained flooding clark, 2007.
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